Annotated Bibliography
The silences kept within communities of color, as well as the silence around their oppression, thwart the possibility of revolution. The black communities must conduct conversations addressing colorism, hyper-masculinity, and homophobia. The bubble that surrounds the black population halts masses from growing towards drastic change in the future; the protection of feelings in order to keep peace among one another only creates excuses for colorism, homophobia. Audre Lorde, self describes as a “black, lesbian, mother, warrior, poet.”, touches on the use of vulnerability as our greatest strength in her piece. Application of these sentiments apply to all people in the community, including Octavia Butler’s Parable of the Sower and Derrick Bell’s Cosmic Slop; they paint futures using strengths within the population, but the conversations surrounding internal issues cease to be spoken about. Staying silent against the injustice among one another allows for the oppressors to hold us back, as there is no growth; most importantly, it does not protect anyone from the grips of societal ideals. This annotated bibliography expands that the black community must address underlying issues affecting their community before attacking the power that continues to trap them through their minds.
Buttaro Jr., Anthony, and Juan Battle. “More Than Meets the Eye: An Ecological Perspective on Homophobia within the Black America.” Black Women, Gender Families, vol. 6, no. 1, 2012, pp. 1–22. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.5406/blacwomegendfami.6.1.0001. Accessed 7 Apr. 2021.
Black Women, Gender Families
Buttaro Jr and Battle explain homophobia within the black community, specifically in close relation to the black, fem presenting LGBTQ+ members. The hindrance of the acceptance is due to the fact that black women and men view those in the LGBT community as a threat to heterosexual relationships, as well as those families that have resulted from them. Homophobia hinders the black community from progressing due to the ways they ostracize and exclude a crucial part of the population.
Headley, Bernard D. “‘Black on Black’ Crime: The Myth and the Reality.” Crime and Social Justice, no. 20, 1983, pp. 50–62. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/29766208. Accessed 10 Apr. 2021.
Crime and Social Justice
In order to create unity there needs to be a lower rate of crime within the black community; not necessarily following along the lines of against others but amongst one another. As long as the community continues to attack businesses run by their comrades, the farther the revolutions become. I can use the benefits of supporting black businesses to help encourage the ideas surrounding economic agreement. In order to push back the white man’s restraints, there has to be money put into the community by the community.
Mathews, Tayler J., and Glenn S. Johnson. “Skin Complexion in the Twenty-First Century: The Impact of Colorism on African American Women.” Race, Gender & Class, vol. 22, no. 1-2, 2015, pp. 248–274. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/26505337. Accessed 10 Apr. 2021.
Race, Gender & Class
The article researches the effects of colorism on young black women. As well as the distinguished difference between light skin women and dark skin women. Light Skin women are seen as hyper feminine which causes for black men to be effeminized due to the patriarchal standard. In reverse dark skin black men are hypermasculinized which causes dark skin black women to fall subject to these standards as well.
McWhorter, John. "The Black People Who Voted for Trump Know He's Racist." The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company, 16 Nov. 2020. Web. 07 Apr. 2021.
The Atlantic
McWhorter speaks about the black voters who chose to ignore the racist remarks of a prospective candidate due to the effects of history. As the black vote became prevalent in the past, there have been numerous candidates who have said racist remarks and these voters had to openly choose one. The same tactics used in the past are being done again. This article will help build the counterargument of my topic of political collectivism. By researching further into the history of the black vote in America, the effects of the institution will be unraveled due to options placed in front of black voters.
Nicole Arlette Hirsch and Anthony Abraham Jack. 2012. “What We Face: Framing Problems in the Black Community.” Du Bois Review, 9, 1.
Du Bois Review
Hirsch and Abraham analyze the differing opinions amongst respective socio-economic groups, the question being: what is the most pressing obstacle within their class as they are black. Delving into the multi-faced challenges the black community faces, they witness how monetary values affect the black experience.
Philpot, Tasha S., and Hanes Walton. “One of Our Own: Black Female Candidates and the Voters Who Support Them.” American Journal of Political Science, vol. 51, no. 1, 2007, pp. 49–62. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/4122905. Accessed 9 Apr. 2021.
American Journal of Political Science
Philpot and Wanton discuss how race and gender affect the way potential candidates are voted for; more specifically how being a black woman affects who they choose as a candidate. Within the article, they speak of the ways black women uphold and support black female candidates, and this comes from the similarities within experiences and political affiliations. To explain the difference in the decision process between men and women, I have to look at the reasoning behind choices. This allows me to show both sides and the way they think.
Reynolds, Daniel. "Why Can't We Talk About Homophobia in the Black Community?" ADVOCATE. 26 May 2015. Web. 10 Apr. 2021.
ADVOCATE
Reynolds sheds light on the true colors of the black community and the treatment of the LGBT community. By using examples and counterarguments he explains the divide amongst the community and the lengths that get created. The black community allows for homophobia but will get angry at people for being racist. These actions are taught and in order to counteract racist remarks, the black community must reflect upon whether or not they fight for the whole or some part.
Rigueur, Leah Wright. "The Major Difference between Black Male and Female Voters." 21 Nov. 2020. Web. 09 Apr. 2021.
Leah Wright Rigueur
Rigueur delves into the factors that differentiate the black male and female voters. Male voters look at individual characteristics which were a direct link to the rise in black male republican voters; versus female voters, they prefer to focus on collectivism which often puts them in a position to oppose the views of both parties
Submitted by Sreid on February 14. "6 Reasons to Support Black-Owned Business." Green America. 14 Feb. 2019. Web. 08 Apr. 2021.
Green America
Smeade and Reid make six valid points as to why supporting black-owned businesses would be beneficial for the communities as well as the economy. The racial wealth gaps would be closed, there would be room for job creations, and in addition to these items the fact that larger companies will be held accountable for racist actions. Economic restrictions hinder any form of growth within the community. If there are people who constantly put money into black-owned businesses, it is possible for the community to get on the same accord.
WILKINS, AMY C. “STIGMA AND STATUS: Interracial Intimacy and Intersectional Identities among Black College Men.” Gender and Society, vol. 26, no. 2, 2012, pp. 165–189. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/23212212. Accessed 11 Apr. 2021.
Gender and Society
Wilkins explores interracial dating, the reactions of black women, and the enthusiasm of black men. Through this, we see how a community of men is brainwashed to believe that those of his same shade is not beautiful, but his lighter counterparts are. Following the effects of colorism, the talks surrounding interracial relationships always arose tension in the black community. Black men often date outside of their race due to coloristic ideals, and if he chooses to date with their race he chooses lighter-skinned women. In reverse black women almost feel forced to date outside their race as men of the same race do not prefer them.